Lets Talk About Things Science Cannot Explain

Ray McCarthy said:
Kepler's laws of planetary motion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Basically the 3rd law
The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
This is due to sum of masses of the two objects (applies to stars) and the inverse square law of gravity, Newton's second law
Newton's laws of motion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A record player disc, or any disc, all the parts rotate at same angular speed. So a dot on label is 78 rpm and a dot on outer edge is also 78 rpm (Think of it as an orbit 78 times a minute)

Sun's Galactic rotation period 240 Million years
Spiral pattern rotation period 220–360 Million years
Bar pattern rotation period 100–120 Million years

There is not enough difference! Only a 2:1 ratio on a structure over 150 million light years across. It's behaving more solidly that it should.
Milky Way - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

We can see that other disc or spiral galaxies have this same strange rotational property,

Cf. variation in Solar system
Mercury: 87.97 days (0.2 years)
Venus : 224.70 days (0.6 years)
Earth: 365.26 days(1 year)
Mars: 686.98 days(1.9 years)
Jupiter: 4,332.82 days (11.9 years)
Saturn: 10,755.70 days (29.5 years)
Uranus: 30,687.15 days (84 years)
Neptune: 60,190.03 days (164.8 years)

Note that a planet further from the centre MUST have a much longer orbital period:
Orbital period - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Due to masses and gravity. Thus Mars can ONLY be 1.9 yr and Jupiter ONLY 11.9 yrs due to Sun's mass + planet's mass and the distance

In celestial mechanics, when both orbiting bodies' masses have to be taken into account, the orbital period T can be calculated as follows:[3]

T = 2 π a 3 G ( M 1 + M 2 ) {\displaystyle T=2\pi {\sqrt {\frac {a^{3}}{G\left(M_{1}+M_{2}\right)}}}}
3e3b818e77117af84080cc6130389c9908f2fde8

where:

  • a is the sum of the semi-major axes of the ellipses in which the centers of the bodies move, or equivalently, the semi-major axis of the ellipse in which one body moves, in the frame of reference with the other body at the origin (which is equal to their constant separation for circular orbits),
  • M1 + M2 is the sum of the masses of the two bodies,
  • G is the gravitational constant.
Note that the orbital period is independent of size: for a scale model it would be the same, when densities are the same (see also Orbit#Scaling in gravity).[citation needed]

In a parabolic or hyperbolic trajectory, the motion is not periodic, and the duration of the full trajectory is infinite

The explanation for the "wrong" expansion rate of the Universe is Dark Energy.
Click to expand...

Wow! There's my advanced math answer. Thanks for the hard work Ray!
 
Mercy, thank you Ray. A record disc is one solid object. The Milky Way should not behave like this, since it is billions of bits of separate matter..? (just trying to laymanize it all amap) - but it more-or-less does. Do we have sub-orbits, where things are orbiting, say, this part of the western spiral arm, or its densest regions? I realize there is no escape from the magnetic/gravity core of the galaxy, but... (sorry no coffee yet, brain hurts, must go read many large tomes full of numbers and diagrams)
 
Parson said:
There's my advanced math answer.
Click to expand...

In short, the stars nearest the centre of a galaxy should be moving much faster than those on the outside.

But they don't - they all move at pretty much the same pace.

And no one knows why, because this should be basic physics. Which means we don't understand some fundamental property of the universe - we just don't know which. :)
 
Brian Turner said:
should be moving much faster than those
Click to expand...
rotating around the core faster, "moving" is bit vague.

Since the rotational speed is similar for outer ones, the actual speed along their path is incredibly higher than it ought to be on the outer parts.

There is something we don't understand. Adding "dark matter", stuff that's invisible but has mass, makes the equations work. That's why on the other thread I said Dark Matter and Dark Energy are fudges
Dark Fudge
 
So it isss... wibbly. (a word first used on Dr. Who?) A bit. Like stars poured into a glass of something, nail polish remover or treacle. It's all swirly, and science just doesn't get it yet? Imagine the lifeforms on a Fudge planet. No teeth left to repel invaders.
 
I watched Les Brown - The Physics of Crystals, and he puts a bunch of basics in a nice clear way.... everything is magnetism/light.
 
Regarding "dark matter" - there was a telling paragraph in this piece at New Scientist:

Doomed Japanese satellite glimpsed galactic wind before it died

"We have long known that superheated plasma fills the spaces between galaxies in a cluster. This swirling material outweighs stars and other normal matter – that is, not dark matter made from exotic, unknown particles – by a factor of about five, making it a key part of the universe. But it is difficult to detect except in the X-ray wavelengths Hitomi was sensitive to, where it gives off a faint glow."

In other words, it may simply be the case that we have underestimated the amount of matter in the universe, simply because much of it is not easily observable. I also wonder how much of this "missing mass" will be contained in cold but massive dust clouds that, for all intents and purposes, are effectively invisible.
 
Hm! just goes to prove that we still have a lot to learn.
 
Hey, I like the '20 triangles' theory .. actually 20 pyramids, giant crystalline shapes... that make up the Earth like a perfect jigsaw puzzle. They each have a flat side near the surface... and that mite be the flat bits that people are measuring and assuming make up the flat, paper-thin Earth.
And, what about the piezo-electricity that would be generated by monster crystals being compressed inside the orb all these millenia.. We could blame that for creating life here, not lightning hitting water and jolting amino acids into existence.
 
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